Urinary Bladder Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Case Description and Literature Review

Cancer of the urinary bladder is a commonly encountered malignancy of the urinary tract. The most common histologic type is Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). It accounts for 90-95% of all bladder cancers. It is usually seen in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Men are affected three to four times more than women. The remaining 5-10% of the bladder tumors are other types of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder is a very uncommon malignancy. It accounts for only 1-3% of all bladder cancers. Bladder tumors with only focal squamous differentiation are not diagnosed as SCC. Unfortunately, SCC of the urinary bladder is usually diagnosed at a late stage, and consequently, the prognosis is poor. The only proven predisposing factor implicated in the causation of SCC bladder is chronic irritation as by chronic urinary tract infections, bladder stones, schistosomiasis, etc. We present a case of SCC of the urinary bladder in a 70-year-old male patient who presented with hematuria, pain, and decreased frequency of micturition. A transurethral biopsy was performed at the site of the thickening of the bladder wall. The histopathological examination of the sampled tissue confirmed the diagnosis of a well-differentiated SCC.