Update on Hodgkin′s lymphoma

Lymphomas constitute approximately 5% of all malignant neoplasms of the head and neck. They are divided into two major subtypes, Hodgkin′s lymphomas (HLs) and non-HLs, depending on the presence or absence of Reed-Sternberg cells (RSCs). HL is a malignant tumor characterized by pleomorphic lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltrate with multinucleated RSCs. HL is regarded as encompassing two clearly defined entities according to the WHO classification: Nodular lymphocyte predominant HL and classical HL. These two entities differ in clinical features and behavior but, more importantly, in the pathological and biological features of their neoplastic and microenvironmental compartments. The etiology of HD remains unknown. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HL The diagnosis of HL is based on the finding of Reed-Sternberg cells (RSCs) in an appropriate cellular background of reactive lymphocytes and, in some cases fibrosis. The staging system for HL is the Ann Arbor staging system which was developed in 1971. This paper reviews the clinical presentation, classification, various variants and pathogenesis of HL.