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The present research studies the performance and operational efficiency of a single annular chamber microbial fuel cells using wastewater from the chocolate industry. This research uses two air-cathode microbial fuel cells of 90 ml in volume. A graphite-coated stainless-steel mesh was used to reduce manufacturing costs as the anode in the spiral/annular geometry. The activated sludge of the Ghaem Shahr Treatment facility, containing various useful microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and rotifers, was used as the mixed culture. To adapt the microorganisms in the mixed culture to the wastewater, 20 ml of a solution with a 1:1 ratio of wastewater and nutrient solution was added to the mixed culture every 48 hours, and this was repeated for 90 days. The operational efficiency of the microbial fuel cell, including potential efficiency, Coulombic efficiency, and energy conversion efficiency, was computed for the 100-ohm electrical resistance; also, to use the chocolate industry wastewater with chemical oxygen demand of 1400 mg/l, the microbial fuel cell with the optimal distance was calculated. The maximum voltage at a resistance of 100 ohms is used to compute the potential efficiency. The computed Coulombic efficiency for this system at the optimal distance of 0.7 cm using the chocolate wastewater is around 41.5%. The performance of the wastewater treatment of the chocolate industry and the cell structure in this research was compared to those of the previous ones. The power produced by the microbial fuel cell in this system is 3.6 times as much as the value reported by Mr. Patil
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