Pituitary adenoma: A case report with special emphasis on approach to diagnosis

Pituitary tumors are common in sellar area. The prevalence of clinically apparent pituitary lesions is estimated to comprise approximately 10% of all intracranial lesions, while incidental pituitary tumors are detected in approximately 11% of individuals at autopsy. Pituitary tumors are mostly found to be benign adenomas, however pituitary carcinoma has been reported to comprise about 0.5% of pituitary tumors. Pituitary adenomas are associated with an immense diversity in their endocrine manifestations secondary to hypo or hyperfunction of pituitary gland and ophthalmological manifestations due to mass effect. Progress in the diagnostic examination of pituitary adenomas and advances in the treatment of these tumors offers excellent prospects for a successful therapeutic outcome. We hereby discuss a case of pituitary macro-adenoma in a young adult male and review the recent advances in the classification and diagnosis of pituitary adenoma.