Investigating the Metformin Effects on Liver Tissue and its Enzymes in Non-Diabetic Male Rats

Metformin is a hypoglycemic factor and an oral antidiabetic drug from the biguanide class and is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, particularly in obese people with normal kidney function. Metformin effectively improves insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, improving cardiovascular conditions in people with diabetes and controlling body weight. The current study examined the effects of metformin on tissue, the liver, and its enzymes in non-diabetic adult male rats. In the beginning, a metformin solution was prepared. After determining the appropriate dose of metformin, intraperitoneal injection was administered to 30 mice within 30 days with doses of 15 mg/kg.b.w (first group), 20 mg/kg.b.w (second group), mg/kg.b.w 25 (third group), control group (no injection) and sham (distilled water injection). The data was measured with SPSS₂₂ ANOVA, and Duncan's test with a significance level of (𝑃≤0.05). In the macroscopic examinations, a significant weight decrease was observed in all three injection doses (𝑃≤0.001). In the case of liver weight, a significant decrease (𝑃≤0.05) was observed. A significant decrease was observed in AST and ALT liver enzymes (𝑃≤0.05). In the liver tissue, changes in cell arrangement, reduction of sinusoids, and the number of cell nuclei were observed. Likewise, the vein diameter in the center of the liver lobule has increased significantly (𝑃≤0.05). At large, it can be concluded that the consumption of different doses of metformin in mice has the same negative effect on their bodies because it causes a destructive effect on the liver tissue and also causes a decrease in the number of enzymes in this tissue below the normal level in the body. Consequently, its use should be done under the supervision of a doctor and consciously