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Cancer is the main cause of death worldwide. The existing methods have not been able to respond to the treatment requirements of all types of cancer. The emergence of nanotechnology has had a deep impact on many areas of health care and scientific research. The purpose of this study was to review the therapeutic and anticancer effects of nanoparticles. This study is a review, and the articles that were published between 1990 and 2023 were examined. Searching for articles in this study was done in Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed databases. Due to the nanoparticle's advantages, including the ability to convey drugs, control drug release, reduce toxicity, and specific delivery of drugs to the target organ, these structures have attracted many researchers' attention. Because of these structures, nanotechnology has created a great potential for the treatment of cancer that can change from the study laboratory to the bedside of the patient. One of the possible concerns that limit the use of some nanoparticles for cancer treatment is their toxicity, which requires further study. Nevertheless, cancer treatments based on nanotechnology will continue to develop and lead to improved treatment outcomes.
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