Immunotoxins and Their Role in Prostate Cancer Treatment

Considering the importance of immunotoxins in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer, this study aims to summarize the findings of preclinical studies related to the types of immunotoxins used in the treatment of prostate cancer and finally, the suggestions for the treatment of any of these disease was better in the future. It seems that the important keys to success in the treatment with immunotoxins are the specificity of the target antigen and the internalization of the antigen-antibody complex to the cells that express the target antigens. Immunotherapy has long been important in advanced and treatment-resistant prostate cancer due to its anatomical location and sensitivity to immunotherapy agents. Among immunotherapy agents, satisfactory results have been obtained with monoclonal antibodies and scFv conjugated to toxins in preclinical studies. But so far, clinical trials with immunotoxins for prostate cancer have not been reported. Several antibodies that target antigens related to prostate cancer have been effective in preclinical and clinical development. Among these antibodies, anti-PSMA, PSCA, and epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies can be mentioned. Among the target antigens of prostate cancer, PSMA is known for its excessive expression and rapid internalization. It has become clear that both in active immunotherapy (vaccination) and in passive immunotherapy (monoclonal antibody), targeting multiple antigens simultaneously increases the efficacy of treatment in CRPC. Therefore, it is suggested that in future studies, several membrane-specific antigens of prostate cancer should be targeted by immunotoxins.