Diagnostic pitfalls in minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: Review and update

Cervical minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) is an extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. This tumor often imposes diagnostic dilemma among pathologists as it is confused with a variety of benign mimics and represents a diagnostic challenge in the field of gynecologic oncology. Since the microscopic features are subtle, it is frequently misinterpreted as benign and often misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. False positive as well as false negative reporting of MDA on cervical biopsy is commonly seen among pathologists, both of which have grave implications on the treatment of the patient. Immunohistochemistry has been found to be extremely useful in the diagnosis of MDA. In this review, based upon our experience and that of the literature, we highlight the salient clinicopathological features, discuss the benign mimics and review the immunohistochemical and molecular features that aid in the diagnosis.