Chiasmatic pilocytic astrocytoma in childhood with leptomeningeal dissemination at recurrence: A case report and review of literature

Pilocytic astrocytoma is a benign variety of gliomas, which rarely spreads along the neuraxis. Leptomeningeal dissemination of pilocytic astrocytoma in children, either at the time of initial presentation or at recurrence, is a rare event. We report a case of chiasmatic pilocytic astrocytoma in a 4-year-old child with leptomeningeal dissemination at recurrence. A review of the literature is done regarding dissemination patterns, clinical picture, treatment, and outcome of pilocytic astrocytoma with leptomeningeal dissemination.