Another Concept of Cancer Interpretation in View of the Interaction between Plasma Radiation and DNA

Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed^1*, Sherien Abdelwahab Montaser¹, Abdelmonsef Elhadary², Gamal Gaber Mostafa Elaragi³

¹Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt. ²Department of Biological Application, Nuclear Research center, Atomic Energy Authority, Abo Zaabal, Cairo, Egypt. ³Department of Plasma and Nuclear Fusion, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abo Zaabal, Cairo, EGYPT.

Abstract

Several studies included our preceding works on different types and doses of plasma sources on both normal and cancerous cells. All previous research tried to discuss and interpret cancer treatment concepts given plasma and cell interaction. Plasma has an effective role and specification character on cancerous cells outcome via many investigations (genetically, immunologically, and biochemically measurements) lead us to numerous paths of different theories which may create a new approach for considerations. This study was designed using a plasma jet powered by a Tesla coil used for generating Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (CAPPJ) from dielectric barrier discharge. The subject samples were categorized into three groups, the first was the cancer cell line. The second was normal blood samples whereas, the third one was non-exposed blood cells cultivated in CAPPJ-exposed cultures. The Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus Test (CBMN), a cytome assay, the protein expression of the P53 and Bcl2 genes, the interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were the variables used in the current investigation. Results indicated that the direct interaction between cells and CAPPJ is more efficient than cells cultivated in CAPPJ-exposed cultures. Cell viability and protein expression levels of Bcl2 and P53 genes in CAPPJ irradiated Breast Cancer Cell lines (BCC) were remarkably valuable. CAPPJ affects cells via not only free radicals and enhancement of several important pathways but may be via direct interaction with DNA.

Keywords: CAPPJ, Epigenetic, Cytome assayP53, Bcl2, Apoptosis

Synergistic antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect of cancer therapies may be the goal for the future research.^[32] So, in normal cells, the P53 protein recorded a low level. The production of the P53 protein, which plays three key functions in cellular growth capture, DNA repair, and apoptosis, may be triggered by DNA damage and extra load signals. The development arrest halts the cell cycle's progression and prevents the replication of damaged DNA.^[33]

The overview of the obtained results impresses that (Figures 2a and 2b) showed that in blood there are gradually increasing in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels through the increasing of the dose exposure of CAPPJ except doses 60 and 120 sec for IL-10 and TNF-α for120 sec only. (Figure 3) displayed inhibition of the investigated cytokines observed in the irradiated cultures before the cultivation of the normal blood. Linard et al.^[34] mentioned that they are functionally grouped into pro-inflammatory cytokines mainly (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines especially (IL-4, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and (TGF-β).

All previous data agreed with many researches and literature which confirmed that CAPPJ exposure can treat some types of cancer and other diseases whether through molecular mechanisms of action, cell cycle regulation, activation of cell signaling pathways^[35] and/or the effect on stromal and immune cells.^{[36, 37]}

Consequently, what is the discussion that describes the ability of plasma especially CAPPJ, in killing cancer cells with high selectivity? Moreover, what are the characteristic natures of both plasma and DNA, and what is the (cross-talk) between them?

Meyl^[38] described the DNA waves (longitudinal) and calculated their value as it propagates in the direction of the magnetic field vector.The existence of low-frequency electromagnetic waves that may affect the physiology of living things was proven by Montagnier et al.^[39] Additionally, they discovered in their lab for the first time that electromagnetic waves may replicate DNA in living cells. This new biology, which is best described as "digital biology".

Furthermore, projected biophoton radiation frequencies and those theoretically estimated from the DNA structure are in agreement with the discovery of magnetic monopoles in 2009 established the fundamental methodology for an expanded field theory. When the DNA wave is examined closely, a collection of waves and radiation can be seen. The underlying idea is that resonance must first build up, which requires a field. Therefore, the discharge of a dispersed field initiates any communication between cells.^{[40, 41]}

Contrary to technological devices, biological systems employ an "autofocus" function, or, to put it another way, cells exhibit a propensity to enter resonance with one another in the presence of scalar waves.^[39]

Therefore, DNA resonance, rather than chemicals, is primarily used to govern cell-to-cell communication. Cell-to-cell communication is described as "the music that the nucleus hears" and is crucial for morphogenesis, cell differentiation, homeostasis, cell growth, and cell-to-cell interaction.^[42] When aberrant and out of tune, aberrant cell-to-cell communications may be harmful to the organism's health.^[43]

Furthermore, the repetitions in DNA are a crucial component of its resonance function. What do the many repeats in the human genome represent? For instance, the (Alu repeat) has the most copies in the human genome. Alu is over 300 bp long, and there are about one million copies of it in our genome.^[44]

The genomic DNA of cancer cells exhibits the terahertz (THz) region molecular resonance fingerprints of DNA methylation, as an epigenetic component. In addition, they identified the type of cancer cell lines and differentiated between normal and cancer DNA by measuring the THz resonances' amplitudes (a relatively new diagnostic method).^[45]

However, since 1956 there have been numerous competing ideas put forth to explain the plasma resonance phenomenon. An expression for the rate of change of electron density in gas plasma is obtained from the Boltzmann transport equation, according to Wolff.^[46]

The magnetic monopoles were discovered in a cold electron plasma (Maxwell's equations), and the frequency of the magnetic monopole plasma has an impact on the dispersion relation and, consequently, the propagation of electromagnetic waves.^{[47, 48]}

Conclusion

In conclusion, our presented results revealed that direct CAPPJ-exposure is biologically improving benefits when compared with cells cultivated in CAPPJ-exposed media. Therefore, CAPPJ effects are not restricted to free radicals and their contents only, but there is another efficient factor, which is plasma and DNA interaction. The lower doses ameliorate the genetic damages and enhance the immunological responses and induce division and proliferation.^[49] Whereas, the higher doses induce apoptosis for normal cells and arrest of cell cycle and necrosis for cancerous cells (selectivity). This leads us to postulate that "It is very important to take into our consideration other factors in dealing with cancer concept and its treatment or even its diagnosis". The physical nature of DNA may regulate its expression without changing its sequences (epigenetic factors) as its resonance and the ability of plasma to intact with it via its unique components. Chemical and physical pollution, pathogens (viral, bacterial …etc) invasion, environmental circumstances, psychological stress, and many other phenomena and factors are brightly affected in disturbing the physical nature of DNA then disrupting its energy leads to different diseases and cancer. Finally, it is very important to precede more research on this trend in light of the new physical theories and instrumentations.

Acknowledgments

The authors greatly appreciate Dr. Mahmoud R. Morsy consultant of internal medicine physician in Military Production Hospital, for his supervision on blood sampling and medical advice.

Conflict of interest

None.

Financial support

None.

Ethics statement

The research is approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the National Centre of Radiation Research and Technology (REC-NCRRT) with No. 1H/20.

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